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Nat Rev Cancer 3:745–755Ĭarracedo A, Gironella M, Lorente M, Garcia S, Guzmán M, Velasco G, Iovanna JL (2006) Cannabinoids induce apoptosis of pancreatic tumor cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress–related genes. Pharmaceuticals 3:3275–3323Ĭannabinoids GM (2003) Potential anticancer agents. Eur J Pharmacol 439(1–3):83–92Ĭacciola G, Chianese R, Chioccarelli T, Ciaramella V, Fasano S, Pierantoni R et al (2010) Cannabinoids and reproduction: a lasting and intriguing history. Immunobiology 216(4):466–476īrooks JW, Pryce G, Bisogno T et al (2002) Arvanil-induced inhibition of spasticity and persistent pain: evidence for therapeutic sites of action different from the vanilloid VR1 receptor and cannabinoid CB (1)/CB (2) receptors. Oxford University Press, Oxford, p 142īraun A, Engel T, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, ZimmerA JT, Behrendt H (2011) Beneficial effects of cannabinoids (CB) in a murine model of allergen-induced airway inflammation: role of CB1/CB2 receptors.
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Brain 134:119–136īowker J (1997) The Oxford dictionary of world religions. EMBO Rep 16:130–132īlázquez C, Chiarlone A, Sagredo O, Aguado T, Pazos MR, Resel E (2011) Loss of striatal type 1 cannabinoid receptors is a key pathogenic factor in Huntington's disease. Sci Rep 7:42157īifulco M, Pisanti S (2015) Medicinal use of cannabis in Europe: the fact that more countries legalize the medicinal use of cannabis should not become an argument for unfettered and uncontrolled use. J Neurosci 23:11136–11141īettiga A, Aureli M, Colciago G, Murdica V, Moschini M, Lucianò R et al (2017) Bladder cancer cell growth and motility implicate cannabinoid 2 receptor-mediated modifications of sphingolipids metabolism. Cell Res 21:1452–1469īenito C, Núñez E, Tolon RM (2003) Cannabinoid CB2 receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase is selectively overexpressed in neuritic plaque-associated glia in Alzheimer’s disease brains. Pharmacol Rep 64:751–757īalenga NA, Aflaki E, Kargl J, Platzer W, Schroder R, Blattermann S (2011) GPR55 regulates cannabinoid 2 receptor-mediated responses in human neutrophils. Oncogene 30:245–252Īrnold JC, Hone P, Holland ML, Allen JD (2012) CB2 and TRPV1 receptors mediate cannabinoid actions on MDR1 expression in multidrug resistant cells. Acta Pharm Sin B 7(1):38–51Īndradas C, Caffarel MM, Perez-Gomez E, Salazar M, Lorente M, Velasco G (2011) The orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR55 promotes cancer cell proliferation via ERK. McFarland, Jefferson, pp 35–55Īn X, Sarmiento C, Tan T, Zhu H (2017) Regulation of multidrug resistance by microRNAs in anti-cancer therapy. In: Mathre ML (ed) Cannabis in medical practice. KeywordsĪldrich M (1997) History of therapeutic cannabis. Finally, we highlighted recent and ongoing clinical trials that include cannabinoids as a therapeutic strategy and several combined approaches toward novel therapeutic avenues in treatment of cancer. We have also explored how ECS system modulators may regulate diverse signaling mechanisms in tumor microenvironment and whether they impart a therapeutic effect. We have elaborated the pathways through which ECS system mediates cancer cell death, inhibits the angiogenesis pathway, and negates the chemotherapy resistance in different cancer types. Interestingly, cannabinoids are found to reverse their effects, through the induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and immune system modulating pathways. Important pathways like MAPK and mTOR-AKT contribute to tumor development, angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance in different cancer types.
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Recent reports have suggested implications of ECS system components as an anticancer agent through different signaling pathways. This chapter outlines briefly the overall ECS system which is further extended to exploration of this system in various diseases and cancer. Psychotropic effects of cannabinoid, a century-old ingredient of Cannabis sativa, are widely used as a palliative care for cancer patients apart from its recreational uses. Endocannabinoid system (ECS) and its agonist/antagonists are emerging drug target in different pathophysiological conditions, and its role as an anticancer agent has been extensively explored recently.